How Ductless Split Air Conditioner Systems Work

Ductless, split air conditioners were initially used in commercial and institutional buildings. The hotel industry, in particular, leaped on the concept to give guests the ability to cool and heat their rooms as they like. Today, ductless split systems are widely used in apartment buildings, multi-family and single-family housing. Since no ductwork is required, they're a welcome option for homeowners who want cooling power that rivals a central air conditioning system.

Ductless split systems look like traditional central air systems outdoors but are unlike central air indoors. The main components are a combined outdoor compressor and condenser and an indoor evaporator and air-handling unit. The handling unit looks a lot like a large room air conditioner. The third major component is the conduit, which links the outdoor compressor condenser to the indoor air handlers. The refrigerant tubing, suction tubing, condensate drain and power cable are inside of the conduit.

One big advantage of a ductless mini-split system is that they can work similar to a central air system in that you can cool (or heat) multiple rooms, which is called creating cooling "zones." For example, you might designate a large room, such as a living room, as the main zone, and bedrooms as auxiliary zones. You would install the indoor condenser in the living room and smaller "satellite" condensers in the bedroom. A big plus is that each room that has a condenser also has its own thermostat, allowing the occupant to set his own cooling temperature. Setups without multiple condensers are called a "single zone" ductless mini-split system.

A fan inside of the indoor condenser blows air over coils where it is cooled by refrigerant (most often Freon) that runs over the coils. Simultaneously, the fan blows the cool air back into the room. Meanwhile the suction tube draws residual warm air from indoors to the outdoor compressor component to exhaust into the air. If the home has multiple condensers for different cooling "zones," it will also have multiple refrigerant tubes that run to each room to cool the air for venting through the room's condenser. The additional rooms will also have suction tubes to draw the warm air back to the indoor condenser for redirecting outdoors to the compressor condenser unit.

Some ductless mini-split systems are also capable of heating. They have a heat pump or electric heat strip connected to the indoor condenser. When the unit is switched over to heating, the pump or strip will reverse their processes and disburse heat instead of cool air. She just cut her electricity bill to 60%, click here to read. However, mini-split heating systems are most effective in mild climates where the temperature doesn't drop below 40 degrees Fahrenheit.

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